APScheduler是一个Python定时任务框架，使用起来十分方便。提供了基于日期、固定时间间隔以及crontab类型的任务，并且可以持久化任务、并以daemon方式运行应用。
在APScheduler中有四个组件：
触发器(trigger)包含调度逻辑，每一个作业有它自己的触发器，用于决定接下来哪一个作业会运行。除了他们自己初始配置意外，触发器完全是无状态的。作业存储(job store)存储被调度的作业，默认的作业存储是简单地把作业保存在内存中，其他的作业存储是将作业保存在数据库中。一个作业的数据讲在保存在持久化作业存储时被序列化，并在加载时被反序列化。调度器不能分享同一个作业存储。
测试计划任务
mac-abeen:timetask abeen$ vim testtask.py
1 # !/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- encoding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 from datetime import datetime 5 6 7 class TestTask(object): 8 """ 9 测试计划任务 10 """ 11 12 def print_file(self, content): 13 f = open("testtask.log", "a") 14 f.write(content) 15 f.close() 16 17 18 def run_second(self): 19 self.print_file("run_second is run on {0} \r\n ".format(datetime.now())) 20 21 22 def run_minute(self): 23 self.print_file("run_minute is run on {0} \r\n ".format(datetime.now())) 24 25 26 27 28 if __name__ == "__main__": 29 tt = TestTask() 30 tt.run_second() 31 tt.run_minute()
任务执行
mac-abeen:timetask abeen$ vim run_task.py1 # !/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- encoding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 from datetime import datetime 5 import time 6 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 7 from testtask import TestTask 8 9 def run(): 10 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 11 scheduler.add_job(func=TestTask().run_second, trigger='interval', seconds=3) 12 scheduler.add_job(func=TestTask().run_minute, trigger='interval', seconds=60) 13 14 scheduler.start() 15 16 17 if __name__ == "__main__": 18 print "scheduler is run ......" 19 run()
日志记录（测试部分日志信息）
1 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:13:16.070406 2 run_minute is run on 2017-06-29 15:13:16.071498 3 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:13:32.378192 ... 22 run_minute is run on 2017-06-29 15:14:29.379333 23 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:14:29.379462 24 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:14:32.380961 ... 44 run_minute is run on 2017-06-29 15:15:29.380135 45 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:15:32.380093 46 run_second is run on 2017-06-29 15:15:35.378075....
作业运行的控制
add_job的第二个参数是trigger，它管理着作业的调度方式。它可以为date, interval或者cron。对于不同的trigger，对应的参数也相同。
(1). cron定时调度
year(int|str) – 4-digit year
month(int|str) – month (1-12)
day(int|str) – day of the (1-31)
week(int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
day_of_week(int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
hour(int|str) – hour (0-23)
minute(int|str) – minute (0-59)
second(int|str) – second (0-59)
start_date(datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
end_date(datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
timezone(datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
和Linux的Crontab一样，它的值格式为：
| Expression | Field | Description |
|---|---|---|
| * | any | Fire on every value |
| */a | any | Fire every a values, starting from the minimum |
| a-b | any | Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) |
| a-b/c | any | Fire every c values within the a-b range |
| xth y | day | Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month |
| last x | day | Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month |
| last | day | Fire on the last day within the month |
| x,y,z | any | Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions |
几个例子如下：
# The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=date(2009, 11, 6), args=['text']) # The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009 at 16:30:05 sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=datetime(2009, 11, 6, 16, 30, 5), args=['text'])
(2). interval 间隔调度
它的参数如下：
weeks(int) – number of weeks to wait
days(int) – number of days to wait
hours(int) – number of hours to wait
minutes(int) – number of minutes to wait
seconds(int) – number of seconds to wait
start_date(datetime|str) – starting point for the interval calculation
end_date(datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on
timezone(datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations
例子：
# Schedule job_function to be called every two hourssched.add_job(job_function, 'interval', hours=2)
(3). date 定时调度
最基本的一种调度，作业只会执行一次。它的参数如下：
run_date(datetime|str) – the date/time to run the job at
timezone(datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone for run_date if it doesn’t have one already
例子：
# The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=date(2009, 11, 6), args=['text']) # The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009 at 16:30:05 sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=datetime(2009, 11, 6, 16, 30, 5), args=['text'])
https://github.com/agronholm/apscheduler